#SPACE PIONEER SPACE PIONEER SERIES#
This model was the first in the series to be designed for exploring the outer Solar System. They formed part of the Pioneer program, a series of United States unmanned space missions launched between 19. Īpproved by NASA in February 1969, the twin spacecraft were designated Pioneer F and Pioneer G before launch later, they were named Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11. Launch during other time intervals would have been more costly in terms of propellant requirements.
#SPACE PIONEER SPACE PIONEER WINDOWS#
These were to be launched in 19 during favorable windows that occurred only a few weeks every 13 months. NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center put together a proposal for a pair of "Galactic Jupiter Probes" that would pass through the asteroid belt and visit Jupiter. Van Allen, worked out the scientific rationale for exploring the outer planets. An advocacy group named the Outer Space Panel and chaired by American space scientist James A. This mission would ultimately be accomplished in the late 1970s by the two Voyager probes, but in order to prepare for it, NASA decided in 1964 to experiment with launching a pair of probes to the outer Solar System. In the 1960s, American aerospace engineer Gary Flandro of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory conceived of a mission, known as the Planetary Grand Tour, that would exploit a rare alignment of the outer planets of the Solar System. Pioneer 10 during encapsulation into payload fairing Radio communications were lost with Pioneer 10 on January 23, 2003, because of the loss of electric power for its radio transmitter, with the probe at a distance of 12 billion kilometers (80 AU) from Earth. During the mission, the on-board instruments were used to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter, the solar wind, cosmic rays, and eventually the far reaches of the Solar System and heliosphere. The closest approach to the planet was on December 3, 1973, at a range of 132,252 kilometers (82,178 mi). Photography of Jupiter began November 6, 1973, at a range of 25,000,000 kilometers (16,000,000 mi), and about 500 images were transmitted. Between July 15, 1972, and February 15, 1973, it became the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt. It was launched on Maat 01:49:00 UTC (March 2 local time), by an Atlas-Centaur expendable vehicle from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Its electric power was supplied by four radioisotope thermoelectric generators that provided a combined 155 watts at launch. Pioneer 10 was assembled around a hexagonal bus with a 2.74-meter (9 ft 0 in) diameter parabolic dish high-gain antenna, and the spacecraft was spin stabilized around the axis of the antenna. The space probe was manufactured by TRW Inc. This space exploration project was conducted by the NASA Ames Research Center in California.
Thereafter, Pioneer 10 became the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is an American space probe, launched in 1972 and weighing 260 kilograms (570 pounds), that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. Last telemetry Aplast signal received January 23, 2003 ( ) Īrtist's impression of Pioneer 10 's flyby of Jupiter Artist's conception of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft
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